[ed25519FUUU]

It seems outhouses every block would be a much more simple and economical design. They just require vertical excavation, which can be done by hand if space is constrained but labor is available. When the camp is dismantled (hopefully everyone is resettled quickly) then you just fill it in with dirt.

[wolfram74]

The durability of the infrastructure should be informed by how long the camps tend to exist. My first result is a world bank[1] blog that says it's about 17 years. So a more automated system like plumbing would probably save resources over the long term, but who ever thinks about long term costs of infrastructure for refugees?

[1] https://blogs.worldbank.org/dev4peace/2019-update-how-long-d...

[ed25519FUUU]

17 years is much longer than I would have expected. Long term thinking is a good point.