[trhway]

The Russian Vikings (i.e. the Vikings who in the 9th century founded the original Russian state - Kievan Rus and accompanying dukedoms around - and ruled it for several centuries after that) were raiding as far as Caspian Sea and Iran and bringing the trophies - goods and slaves - for sale back as far as Scandinavia. So there were a lot of cross-continental blood/DNA mixing during those centuries (9th-12th) until Mongols came and that started another chapter.

[jasonwatkinspdx]

Some years ago I watched an interesting documentary on how a bunch of viking swords that all bear the same distinctive engraving were very likely made of steel from Persia. The doc claimed that they were likely using a route along the Volga to get down to the Caspian routinely.

[trhway]

Related https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Fadlan

"Ibn Fadlan was a 10th-century Arab[1][2][a] Muslim traveler, famous for his account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars, known as his Risala ("account" or "journal").[b] His account is most notable for providing a detailed description of the Volga Vikings, including eyewitness accounts of life as part of a trade caravan and witnessing a ship burial.[4][5]"

and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_expeditions_of_the_Rus...

"Initially, the Rus' appeared in Serkland in the 9th century traveling as merchants along the Volga trade route, selling furs, honey, and slaves. The first small-scale raids took place in the late 9th and early 10th century. The Rus' undertook the first large-scale expedition in 913; having arrived on 500 ships, they pillaged in the Gorgan region, in the territory of present-day Iran, and more to the west, in Gilan and Mazandaran, taking slaves and goods. On their return, the northern raiders were attacked and defeated by the Khazars in the Volga Delta, and those who escaped were killed by the local tribes on the middle Volga.

During their next expedition in 943, the Rus' captured Bardha'a, the capital of Arran, in the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. The Rus' stayed there for several months, killing many inhabitants of the city and amassing substantial plunder. It was only an outbreak of dysentery among the Rus' that forced them to depart with their spoils. Sviatoslav, prince of Kiev, commanded the next attack, which destroyed the Khazar state in 965. Sviatoslav's campaign established the Rus's hold on the north-south trade routes, helping to alter the demographics of the region. Raids continued through the time period with the last Scandinavian attempt to reestablish the route to the Caspian Sea taking place in 1041 by Ingvar the Far-Travelled. "

[agapon]

I would insists on differentiating Rus and Russia. Rus was not the Russian state. If you want to associate it with any modern nation, then it would be Ukrainian. But really, it was Rus.

P.S. Just like ancient Roman state was not Italian state or Romanian state.