I don't know why you're being down voted. Blacks were purposefully if not explicitly excluded from many economic programs for decades, from the Homestead Act to the GI Bill. Several of their towns and communities we're destroyed, like Greenwood Tulsa. That sounds like sabotage.
It's a sore subject, particularly on HN, because it calls into question the meritocracy Americans want to believe they epitomize. Suffice it to say that, while the examples you relate were significant and infamous, such sabotage also manifests insidiously in smaller ways.
And student loans have no accessability requirements in the US.