which "$(echo $0)"
should work no matter the invokation ;p
if full path, it still returns full path, if just "bash" or such it finds it from $PATH, badoom!
The only reason anyone would want to say "$($echo $0)", echoing the variable through a subshell and substituting it with itself, is to rely on the subshell parameter splitting to remove duplicate field separators from the variable.
That is likely not the case there, and any such file names are unlikely to exist. Just say: which "$0"
As the author notes in the 2nd section, that will return the location of the shell binary in the user path, which is not necessarily the one that is currently running.
That is likely not the case there, and any such file names are unlikely to exist. Just say: which "$0"