[alerighi]

I disagree. The error is to consider paths as a high level information, that the user has to know about, rather of what they really are, a low level information, that potentially the user never sees (for example consider mobile operating systems like Android/iOS).

In practice the case insensitive thing if we want to call it should be implemented more high level, in the file manager, rather than in the filesystem itself. That is even what newer versions of Windows/NTFS do! Recent versions of NTFS are in fact case sensitive, and if you mount a NTFS volume with Linux in fact you can create two file with the name differing only by the case: the whole case-insensitive thing is handled at an higher level in the Windows APIs.