[pjmlp]

Unless we are speaking about Java before Java 1.2, it is definitely not interpreted, there are plenty of JIT and AOT implementations without any kind of interpretation step.

Since 25 years, time to learn that implementations and languages are not the same.

[ptx]

Good point, but are there really "plenty" of Java implementations that lack an interpreter? There's Graal and Excelsior JET for AOT. Any others? Which implementations do JIT without any interpretation?

[nawarian]

I might be wrong here, as I'm not so close to Java development. But a language implementing JIT, at least to me, is interpreted.

Could you please point an implementation detail where a JIT-capable engine doesn't include interpretation in its runtime?

In every case, thanks a lot for your feedback!

[pjmlp]

Well, from CS compiler theory point of view it is not.

For example in .NET, MSIL goes directly into a pipeline that produces native. You can easily validate that RyuJIT has no interpretation.

Or for example, watchOS applications packaged with bitcode, get JIT compiled at installation time.

[jashmatthews]

V8 had only baseline compilation until much later https://v8.dev/blog/ignition-interpreter

It's not super exotic to do this.