[Gibbon1]

That brings up a point. Current pricing models are based on old technology where you have coal fired plants that can't turn down. And meters that can't do time of use metering. Power is cheaper at night because you can't just up and shutdown a coal fired plant. Residential rates are flat

I really think a lot of night time load is just industrial customers chasing price. Change the price structure and they'll immediately adjust their time of use to match. Certainly smarter appliances could also chase low rates like industrial users.