[hansvm]

In my corner of the world, most professors in those disciplines do obscene things with Mathematica as their first choice rather than using a more traditional programming language.

After that there's a fairly healthy dose of C and Fortran from the performance-oriented crowd, quite a few people use Python (but its hard to express just how completely and totally alien their uses are from one another), and the closer you shift to biology or stats the more likely you are to see somebody using R. A few enthusiasts are extremely excited about Julia.