[Dylanfm]

You're going to design your farm according to your context and the needs of your crops.

For example, a farm in the UK may follow the Wakelyns approach: https://vimeo.com/256082580 Alleys oriented to maximise the sun for the crops they're intending to grow. With tree species selected for various reasons, e.g. their size and if they fix nitrogen.

In the Sahara, maybe you want shade. Many growers intentionally use shade nets to reduce evaporation and heat stress. It depends on your context and your aims.

I expect there's some degree of trade off. Lose a portion of productivity of your annual staple crops, in exchange for the benefits of mixing perennial crops with annuals. Depending on your situation you may be able to control much of this when designing the farm.