[jashephe]

The above is a good example of how results can be "wrong" in theory papers, but I work in an experimental field of research and at least in my world, having a paper present results that turn out to be wrong isn't really all that surprising. Experimental papers aren't proof of phenomena as much as they're an attempt to persuade you of the authors' worldview, which may or may not turn out to be correct in hindsight. This isn't grounds for retraction — there are plenty of well-intentioned and reasonably-interpreted experiments that end up not holding up as the field moves forward.

Again, not saying that papers can't have problems with methodology, assumptions, or — particularly in the case of theory — soundness, but sometimes, "good" papers can be wrong. These papers sit in the body of literature, and are important context for modern findings. I do wonder if there could be some way to indicate to readers without domain-specific expertise that such a paper has been superseded, so to speak.