[benchen70]

Can I ask, since I am curious, why misinformation != lying?

To me, I have always found that the statement "truths are the best lies" is very correct.

To me, you can tell a little bit of truth, and leave a large amount of true information unsaid. However, that does not mean that the whole encompassing "truth" - whatever you end up expressing in the listener's mind as a whole - is true. This is not about whether they believe, but how they perceive. Whether the listener believes is another story.