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by benlivengood 2153 days ago
Deuterium is measured in parts-per-million in the universe at large. Lithium is parts per billion, and in theory you can feed hydrogen into a white dwarf and harvest lithium from the novas. For a Kardashev III civilization just harvesting existing deuterium and lithium this is at least 1MJ/kg of specific energy over all the matter in the galaxy (if I did my math right). Not quite unlimited, but roughly as if 10% of the galaxy was made of hydrocarbon fuel.