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by brandmeyer 2149 days ago
> how the heck does a x86 OS request data from the HDD?

Entirely too short summary: Use PCI to discover the various devices attached to the CPU. One or more of them are AHCI or NVMe devices. The AHCI and NVMe standards each describe sets of memory-mapped configuration registers and DMA engines. Eventually, you get to a point where you can describe linked lists of transactions to be executed that are semantically similar to preadv, pwritev, and so on.

There's tons of info on osdev.org, such as https://wiki.osdev.org/AHCI