[Tade0]

It would be great/dystopian to, in the future, figure out what particular people are good at by analysing their brains.

[msp_yc]

Mr. Burns : Absolutely! Who could forget such a monstrous visage? She has the sloping brow and cranial bumpage of the career criminal.

Waylon Smithers : Uh, Sir? Phrenology was dismissed as quackery 160 years ago.

Mr. Burns : Of course you'd say that... you have the brainpan of a stagecoach tilter!

[arethuza]

There is also the, rather terrifying, concept of focus from Vernon Vinge's Deepness in the Sky where brains are modified to turn people into intelligent single-purpose appliances/microservices:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Deepness_in_the_Sky

[bitL]

You can view angels as intelligent (micro)services, so that concept is much older.

[coderdd]

Asimov's short novel "Profession" might be an interesting read.

[user982]

A more accurate ASVAB?

[toomuchtodo]

I smell a DoD grant in the making!

[Tade0]

Probably less, but with better UX.