[coliveira]

The real cause of Dutch disease is not economical, but political. Political forces formed from the exploration of oil (and other resources, like banana-producing land in central America) will not allow for the formation of a diversified industry where they will have less ability to control the host country. These political forces are a combination of both external (developed nations) and small minorities that benefit from the maintenance of the status quo.

[pydry]

Dutch disease was named after the Netherlands where the phenomenon was first observed - with North Sea oil. It was a highly valued currency, not politics, that rendered Dutch exports noncompetitive and shrank foreign investment.