Would you mind expanding the acronyms? This is super interesting, but hard to follow (and also somewhat hard to google, apparently Arbr is a bike brand)
RCE: Remote Code Execution. It's fairly straightforward, but basically any vulnerability that allows you to run (native) code without physical access to the phone (e.g. when a user visits a website).
ACE: Arbitrary Code Execution. Basically any technique that allows taking control of the execution to execute your own arbitrary code.
ArbR/ArbW/ArbCall: Arbitrary Read, Arbitrary Write, Arbitrary Call primitives. They tend to be the "basic unit" which you can weave together to further poke at things once you've gained ROP.
ROP: Return Oriented Programming, a technique used to take control of execution when you have the ability to overwrite the Return Pointer of the current stack frame (for instance, from a stack buffer overflow). ROP is used because nowadays, most processes adhere to W^X (Write Xor Execute, basically a memory page is never both writable and executable at the same time), meaning we can't just inject shellcode and jump to it anymore. You can find a small tutorial on ROP at [1].
ROP This can then be used to generate various primitives (ArbW can be achieved by weaving together a "ROP Chain" that calls memcpy with the right registers, for instance).
IPC: Inter-Process Communication. Imagine a Unix Pipe, where two processes communicate with each-other over stdin/stdout. This is an example of an IPC. There are other IPC mechanisms (D-Bus, Unix Sockets, localhost...). When a process is sandboxed, it will sometimes need access to things beyond its sandbox (like accessing the filesystem to access a cached image or something). To do so, it will talk to another process over an IPC mechanism, with a well-defined protocol.
ROP return-oriented programming, which I understand to be using code already on the target and manipulating code flow in order to piece together the boots of programme to execute a routine of the attackers choosing (like cutting letters out of a newspaper to make a ransom note!), https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return-oriented_programming
RCE: Remote Code Execution. It's fairly straightforward, but basically any vulnerability that allows you to run (native) code without physical access to the phone (e.g. when a user visits a website).
ACE: Arbitrary Code Execution. Basically any technique that allows taking control of the execution to execute your own arbitrary code.
ArbR/ArbW/ArbCall: Arbitrary Read, Arbitrary Write, Arbitrary Call primitives. They tend to be the "basic unit" which you can weave together to further poke at things once you've gained ROP.
ROP: Return Oriented Programming, a technique used to take control of execution when you have the ability to overwrite the Return Pointer of the current stack frame (for instance, from a stack buffer overflow). ROP is used because nowadays, most processes adhere to W^X (Write Xor Execute, basically a memory page is never both writable and executable at the same time), meaning we can't just inject shellcode and jump to it anymore. You can find a small tutorial on ROP at [1].
ROP This can then be used to generate various primitives (ArbW can be achieved by weaving together a "ROP Chain" that calls memcpy with the right registers, for instance).
IPC: Inter-Process Communication. Imagine a Unix Pipe, where two processes communicate with each-other over stdin/stdout. This is an example of an IPC. There are other IPC mechanisms (D-Bus, Unix Sockets, localhost...). When a process is sandboxed, it will sometimes need access to things beyond its sandbox (like accessing the filesystem to access a cached image or something). To do so, it will talk to another process over an IPC mechanism, with a well-defined protocol.
[1]: https://tc.gts3.org/cs6265/2019/tut/tut06-01-rop.html