[xapata]

"Not all foo are bar."

"This foo is bar."

Both statements can be true simultaneously.

[P-ala-din]

Of course, that's true but I can't map that to the statements at hand.

I understood it to be:

P(W) == P(M)

and P(W) > P(M)

[xapata]

"In one study" means "In a particular sample." A sample does not always share the same characteristics as the population.

[P-ala-din]

if a study can't be replicated then the study is wrong isn't it?

either the sample was too small, they got unlucky or the result is stated too generally.

[xapata]

> if a study can't be replicated then the study is wrong isn't it?

Not necessarily. Maybe the replications were flawed. Characteristics of a population can change over time. Blah, blah, blah. It's incredibly hard to say something is flat wrong or absolutely correct. A good scientist uses what others might call "weasel" words (I hate that term), like, "The data is (in)consistent with the hypothesis."

The more evidence that mounts for or against a hypothesis, well, it's up to you to decide how to act.

[torstenvl]

"P(W) == P(M)" is not supported by the statement. More like "P(W), but also P(M)"