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by 4cao 2218 days ago
> So how were these found?

Example usage for some of them could be discovered by going through the contents of .BAT files written by Microsoft, especially those that were a part of MS-DOS (and later Windows 9x) Setup (installer).

All the built-in commands appeared in plain text in COMMAND.COM, as did all the CONFIG.SYS parameters in IO.SYS. As far as I know there wasn't a UN*X-like strings(1) utility at the time but binary files could still be browsed with third-party tools.