I'm fairly sure it can. It's been years - almost a decade, now! - since I've had to use Excel for anything productive, but I vividly recall using VLOOKUP to create what were effectively views from a SQL perspective.
Excel merge supports joins, and you can do ordinary SQL joins using Power Query. I don't know if it full complies with all of Codd's 12 rules, I suspect it probably doesn't fully meet the schema definition or non-subversion bits, but I haven't looked into it closely enough, the Excel Data Model functionality looks like it might actually do that.