Ask HN: How do you have meaningful conversations?

[xyquadrat]

I have lately realized how many of my conversations are simply small talk, even with good friends. Whilst I don't usually object to talk about irrelevant gossip or other fun things, I find myself unable to start a more meaningful discussion, be it about politics, ethics, mental health or whatever else. What are your ways of ensuring that at least some of your discussions have a certain depth and thoughtfulness to them?