[kenhwang]

Seems like you're comparing between languages that end up being the default choice due to their low learning curve (Python/Go/Java) and languages chosen because the default choice wasn't good enough (Ruby/Rust/Scala). The latter tends to be much less restrictive or more featureful which necessitates governance by convention/culture/guidelines since its significantly more difficult to be exactly prescriptive over significantly more variance.

For example, most Ruby found in the wild follows some variation found in the style guide: https://github.com/rubocop-hq/ruby-style-guide (same with Scala: https://docs.scala-lang.org/style/ and Rust: https://github.com/rust-dev-tools/fmt-rfcs/blob/master/guide...) and their communities generally care enough to try to enforce it. Most languages have an universally agreeable style guide these days.

I personally find the first set of languages to be more consistent syntactically (typically because they're simpler languages that have auto-formaters) but the latter set of languages are extremely consistent in patterns/ideologies. It seems like you care more about the former and didn't care to learn about the latter (which I'll admit, does present a higher learning curve and tends to be acquired through experience with the community than through a doc).