(1) Using a soup can and some string to measure radiation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kearny_fallout_meter
(2) Measuring the force of gravity, and thereby weighing the earth, using a tuna can and some other string. http://www.fourmilab.ch/gravitation/foobar/
(3) Using a string and a bowling ball prove the earth is round without going outside. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault_pendulum
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresson_Kearny
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kearny_air_pump
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresson_Kearny
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kearny_air_pump