You do realize that you're comparing the literally insurmountable chant of a fictional, fantastic entity to something that can be overcome, right? I know it's an analogy, but I don't think it can possibly apply here.
Of course adding friction to bad habits is generally going to make it harder for you to indulge in them, the same way that removing friction can make it easier to engage in healthy habits. Nonetheless, the primary element of self-control must always come from oneself, in the moment. I know, since I've gone out of my way to remove many "blocking" systems too many times.
You're right, it's not a perfect analogy. Odysseus had a simple, binary action he could take to avoid the sirens altogether, and that action did not otherwise hinder his journey. You can't say the same about the social & leisure parts of the internet (social media, Netflix, MMOs, etc...). One example: Screen Time on iOS does not completely block the specified websites and apps. It politely suggests that you stop wasting your time. Odysseus had it easy.
One can replace their smartphone with a basic flip phone, but that would forsake all the good uses of the smartphone. This is where we get into the nature of free will. How much free will does the average person really have in the face of these addicting platforms? They're all designed specifically to preempt your self-control. Moreover, because they drove so many people to abandon their self-control, they normalized binging. It is part of our cultural fabric. The sirens aren't alien mermaids, they're our friends.
People need the freedom to say No. No, I don't need any more than 30 minutes of social media a day. No, I don't ever want to watch more than 1 episode per day during the workweek on Netflix. Etc... These commitments need to be binding, and the marginal cost of dropping them should be higher than the marginal benefit in all but the most legitimate scenarios. You're free to say "no" now, but it's an empty commitment without technological controls that do not currently exist.
My final thought relates to the availability bias. Leisure is more available than ever. Almost anything you want is a tap away. In contrast, productivity goals are notoriously unavailable. Sure, you can break your work into tiny steps, but those steps become increasingly abstract and divorced from the end result, which may nonetheless be 6 months away. You'll also consistently underestimate the damage, length, and frequency of "one more break" and overestimate your ability to reach that goal in 6 months at your current pace (overconfidence effect). We have a lot to gain from making leisure less attainable and productivity more tangible.