[shalmanese]

Tumors are actually a great example of over testing. The key is, you don't know what would have happened in the alternate universe, but when you say the word "tumor", you just assume it's a super dangerous thing that would have inevitably killed you.

The truth is, when we do a careful autopsy of old people who died of non-cancer diseases, we usually find a ton of hidden tumors that have just quietly been lying dormant, not really harming them. In those cases, ignorance is bliss because doing anything to remove the tumors only could have increased their risk of death given that the tumors didn't kill them.

We don't know what bucket of people any one person is in, we can only look at overall statistics.