[srcmap]

With such limited power budget, is there any security circuits for authentication and encryption?

If not, it would be super easy hack.

[eyegor]

Most signs are completely insecure already. This exact tech, with no security, is already used for item/price displays in some stores. If you're worried about someone walking up and reprogramming your nfc powered eink sign, I'd love to hear why you need a secure but wirelessy powered sign.

[KMnO4]

Even the most basic xor "encryption" would use virtually no power. Define a key and xor all data coming in with it. Given the slow refresh rate of these things, it would provide sufficient security against a bruteforce.

[gruturo]

Upload a file consisting of all zeroes (or any other known content for that matter) and now the contents of the screen is the secret used to XOR the input. Surely you meant something a bit more substantial?

[oxplot]

You can check for a magic string after decryption and only update the screen if valid.

[nybble41]

At this point you might as well just require a plaintext password to update the screen, and forget the XOR.