[usrusr]

Given the extremely uneven distribution of money I suspect that you'd reach "couldn't afford exhaling" levels at one end before making anything resembling a dent at the other. I'm not against a carbon tax, far from it, but it's a difficult problem.

The most direct approach would be to levy the tax at the time buried carbon is taken out of its geological grave, but good luck enforcing that globally. The most realistic approach (still a total sci-fi fantasy, with plenty of room for a dystopian touch) would be a fundamental removal of resource extraction sovereignty, implemented through a combination of military force and buying out whoever is currently in charge of representing that sovereignty.