[rcoveson]

Right, and there are many things in between. Maintaining an object, improving an object, combining objects to make complex object, etc.

If you’re in the business of creating useful objects out of basically nothing, you don’t even need a company. Maybe you hire somebody to sell your objects for commission, or maybe you sell them yourself.

If you’re looking for a closer analogy, try the shove analogy. Why is it that despite the fact that the shovel makers are creating an object, even out of nothing, that they aren’t worth what is dug up with them? Software engineers are a lot like the shovel makers. Sometimes the shovels we make are used in extraordinarily profitable ventures. But their value is still determined by how hard it was to make them, and to learn the skills to make them. Not what the company uses them for.

I think it becomes hard to see when all the shovels being made are bespoke. Lots of software is written to fill one role for one client. That client will often use that particular thing to make lots of money. So maybe it appears like that thing bit of software created all the value? But this is clearly false. The fact that some part of a system is essential to the whole system’s success does not imply that the worth of every piece of the system is equivalent to the worth of the whole system.

[justanotherc]

This is a good way of putting it. All these "run your own agency" self-help courses have been pushing "value based" pricing with the promise that you can slap together a Wordpress template and charge $40k for it because of the "value" a website brings to the company is mostly nonsense IME. Stuff is built by the lowest competent bidder, period.