[Causality1]

Humanity has existed for a hundred thousand years and civilization for ten thousand and you think two hundred years of the scientific era has us within spitting distance of the end of knowledge? We can't even come up with models that consistently explain what little we're able to observe like gravity at all scales. As long as gaps like that exist we know we're wrong at a fundamental level. We could be as wrong as Newtonian physics or we could be as wrong as a bunch of Flatlanders. There will be limits, but they may be so far beyond our ken our current brains aren't even capable of understanding them.

[ben_w]

I think the argument isn’t that we’re in spitting distance of the end but that we can, if you will excuse the metaphor, recognise the distant peak of the mountain representing it.

Even extrapolating Moore’s Law’s exponential growth of x2 per 1.5 years would still take ~200 more years to reach the limits of computation — Improvements to particle accelerators aren’t anywhere near as rapid — so we have a long way to go before we reach the end of experiment even if we improve as fast as possible and have almost no surprises.

Not that I disagree with your general premise that some massive surprise could be waiting for us; I happen to think there is, and I get the impression that it’s totally unconventional in the physics community to say “at least one of GR and QM is wrong, but we don’t have any experiment that tells us which”.

[fennecfoxen]

> Not that I disagree with your general premise that some massive surprise could be waiting for us

I hazard that should we find such a surprise, it will be under somewhat extraordinary conditions not commonly found in nature, and quite likely ill-suited for power generation on the nanometer scale.

[ben_w]

Agreed.

I’m not a betting type, but if I had to take a bet I would expect it to be ~”and this is how the conditions of the Big Bang can be recreated and exploited to make something that looks like a star but which will exist forever. Also the interior of our fake star is now a new universe 50 billion light years across even though the outside circumference is ten light seconds.”

Not very useful for cell-scale engineering. Might count as “magic”, but the bigger-inside thing is a serious idea for making the Alcubierre drive less unphysical.

[goatlover]

We do have that kind of knowledge when it comes to thermodynamics and the limits of computation, though. And Newtonian physics was incomplete, not wrong.