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Emacs is basically a virtual machine for elisp with a couple of bindings to libraries for drawing things on a screen. Everything else, every bit of functionality, is written in elisp on top of that. For that to be possible elisp has to be a "real" programming language, with all the features you'd expect from a general-purpose language - and it is. It's also a lisp, however, so it has many features not found in most other languages. Emacs is also an interactive IDE for elisp development. It provides all of the features you'd ever want from an IDE and then some. You get a linter, a debugger, semantic completion, ability to execute whole files or parts of them, data inspector/visualizer, finding definitions and references to symbols, a list of functions in a given file and across many files, shortcuts for common editing tasks, refactoring support, and so on. It's a very featureful, modern IDE with special emphasis on interactivity. The effect of these two characteristics is that in Emacs you can easily find an implementation of any feature (no matter if it comes from Emacs core or some plugin), then edit it and see the results instantly (without the need for as much as saving the file), all the while having access to all of the IDE-like tools. You can customize every part of Emacs to exactly fit your needs - if there's something you'd like to change, but the feature's author didn't create a setting option for it, you can go locate and change the implementation in a few minutes. When a computer game comes out, sometimes the authors also release a development kit with things like a map editor, theming support, tweaking AI and so on. Using (most) other editors is like simply playing the game: you can get better at it, but you can't change the rules. Using Emacs is like playing the game with the ability to instantly switch to the dev kit: you can simply play the game, but you also can bend, change, or rewrite the rules as you wish. With (most) other editors you're a consumer; with Emacs, you are the owner. To really make use of all of that you have to know elisp, which is why knowing it is important. Of course, you can happily Emacs without dabbling in its configuration too much, but in that case, Emacs becomes just another editor with lots of awkward key bindings and a huge amount of cruft accreted during the last 40+ years. |