[vineyardmike]

The ad you see in the search results was put their by google after an advertiser said “advertise to someone who searches for X, and also likes hacker news”. Google wouldn’t share that data to the advertiser. Once you click the ad... that’s another story.

[lonelappde]

Does clicking on a link to a Google.com URL create a consensual relationship with whoever Google.com redirects to? That seems absurd.

[vineyardmike]

Why else would you click on the link, except to go to the website of the business at the other end?

Certainly visiting the website of a business is a consented action, when you were searching, and then clicked a link, for relevant keywords to that business.