The AMA isn't limiting the supply of doctors. The actual limit is in the number of residency program slots funded by the US Federal government. If you actually want to increase the supply of doctors then lobby Congress for higher residency funding.
The AMA backs the residency requirement. In my opinion it potentially gives doctors bad habits: Tolerating a miserable sleep schedule, placing too much value on quick diagnosis, equating long hours with effectiveness, and perhaps not placing enough value on teamwork with nurses.
Apprenticeships in many (most?) fields are sponsored by the professional organization (akin to a guild) and paid for by laborers at lower-than-master wages. And yet, here is the AMA itself saying the problem lies with federal government funding. Curious. Seems like a convenient scapegoat.
I think you are significantly underestimating how much a medical residency costs.
Also, most apprentices end up working for/with the company/professional that trained them. I'm not sure there are many doctors who employ "apprentice/junior" doctors to work along side them the way a plumber/bricklayer/blacksmith/electrician would.
This is propaganda by the AMA. They are the primary lobbying force on this issue to Congress and they help write most of the legislation. The AMA is the negotiating partner you'd deal with to get this issue corrected.
The doctors they're probably working in the interests of are no longer residents. It'd be altruism to make prospective life better for prospective doctors.
That's a common misconception quoted by the medical cartel (i.e. MDs), among other ones such as "we should pay doctors 3x the amount Europeans get[1] because they study and burn out so much", which is a self-imposed problem. Congress funding for residency slots is a small part of the puzzle. The larger issues is the medical cartel making it so expensive to go through residency in the first place through excessive requirements. Here's an incomplete list of anti-competitive behaviors of medical cartel that push healthcare prices up in the US:
1. Restricting scope of practice for NPs and other midlevels
2. Restricting new facilities through Certificates of Need
3. Restricting immigration of foreign medical professionals from OECD countries through NCFMEA
4. Increasing costs & duration of medical education
5. Restricting patient's ability to obtain their open record digitally with the purpose of switching providers, or taking control of their health (good luck getting your imaging data from Kaiser if you ever want to leave them and seek better alternatives)
6. Restricting OTC availability of simple drugs available without doctor middlemen in other OECD countries
7. Restricting development of AI systems through data BAAs
8. Restricting scope and speed of processing for de novo and breakthru devices that automate work performed by physicians
None of these have a valid patient safety counter-argument because essentially in every case there is a precedent of safe operation in other OECD countries.
Other honorable mentions include:
1. Fighting against surprise billing legislation
2. Fighting against government's ability to negotiate rates
3. Fighting against public option
4. Fighting against any mention of moving away from fee-for-service