> non-conflicting transactions of blocks outside the main chain are included in the ledger
I am pretty sure that isn't true. I'm looking at the code, and the only thing I see included for 'uncles' is the header. This has the beneficial property that higher orphan rates increase difficulty which should lower orphan rates.
OTOH, it doesn't appear that including other people's orphans is incentive compatible without the rest of ghost (because it lowers your own future income).
"a version of" -- there is no close in cryptography. :) Security analysis usually do not apply well to approximations.
https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/38121/why-did-e...
...which says Ethereum actually uses a version of the "Inclusive Protocol," which according to its paper has similar advantages:
https://www.cse.huji.ac.il/~yoni_sompo/pubs/15/inclusive_ful...