[cm2012]

"For boys born in 2001, the lifetime probability of incarceration is estimated to be 32 percent for young black men."

That's absolutely enough to tilt the data significantly.

https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/11/mass-incarceration-statis...

[tpmx]

Yikes. Still, it doesn't change the father-away issue fundamentally, I think?