[visarga]

> How would this lack of shared context be resolved between an adult and a baby, so that the adult could provide "multi class labels"?

The baby would do multi-modal learning - learning the associated sound (name) with an image (object).

I don't think the parent and baby lack a shared context. They are both agents in the same environment, who often interact and cooperate to achieve goals and maximise rewards. The baby understands the world much earlier than can speak, the context is there.

[YeGoblynQueenne]

I dont' know if it's a good idea to mix terminology from machine learning (or game theory?) in the subject of human learning, like you do. At some point the analogies become a bit too far-fetched. Parents and babies "are agents who interact to maximise rewards"? That just sounds like taking an analogy and running with it, and then putting it in a rocket and sending it to Mars. We have no idea why and how babies think or decide to behave how they behave.

This is one reason why I'm confused about the OP's use of "labelled information". Clearly that is a term borrowed from machine learning to describe something that happens in the real world- but, what?