[Eliezer]

I think it's okay to smack the reader in the face with all sorts of knowledge provided you're sufficiently up-front about it, make sure there's more to the book than that, and give the other side a fair voice. (MoR!Dumbledore, MoR!Quirrell, the Lady 3rd Kiritsugu from Three Worlds Collide...)

I suspect that what goes wrong is not writing a philosophical treatise in the form of fiction - what goes wrong is that the One True Philosophy is treated as a Mary Sue within the context of the fiction.