This is because you are artificially pressurized by the air you're breathing when scuba diving that deep. If you held your breath and went that deep, you would definitely feel the pressure.
That isn't really accurate. You are "pressurized" by the water around you. When the air comes out of your air tank, it's volume is dictated by the pressure around you. (Edit: this pressurized air has a higher partial pressure of the constituent gases which causes them to be absorbed from your lungs into your blood and then into your other tissues which eventually changes the partial pressure of the gases disolved in them, the reverse happens as you ascend and theses gases work their way back out into your blood and then lungs.)
"Feeling" changes in pressure depends on air space that can't equalize that pressure. One reason masks (which cover the nose) are used rather than goggles (which don't) is so that you can add air from your lungs to the mask and equalize the pressure. Otherwise you could give yourself a black eye or suffer a severe injury.
Yep. It continues to become more intense as you go deeper. You can wreck your lungs going to even 20-30m if you haven't trained them to handle the pressure.
"Feeling" changes in pressure depends on air space that can't equalize that pressure. One reason masks (which cover the nose) are used rather than goggles (which don't) is so that you can add air from your lungs to the mask and equalize the pressure. Otherwise you could give yourself a black eye or suffer a severe injury.