I believe that the closest thing that existed was French Republican calendar [1], accompanied by decimal time [2]. The Swatch Internet Time [3] which uses decimal minute at its base is also worth mentioning - it's almost forgotten nowadays.
[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Republican_calendar
[2] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_time
[3] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatch_Internet_Time