[mikorym]

What kind of signal analysis do the oil companies do these days (like wavelet transforms)?

My (in my opinion failed) HonsBSc project was on signal analysis of GC-MS (Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry) signals.

If I had to do it again in 2019, then machine learning would be a much more pertinent focus. However, without the computing power of today and ubiquitous presence of programming libraries for that purpose, there are actually other ways of approaching such data (like wavelets).

Wavelet transforms were invented quite a while ago [1] but I think the seismic data analysts were some of the first to really investigate the applications of that field. The other application is for compression (and loading over an internet connection) [2].

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haar_wavelet

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifting_scheme

[Jordanpomeroy]

Given a sparse data set recorded by methods that have known constraints and limitations, generate a physical model that could conceivably produce measurements that match the given data