[r_singh]

And just how commonly do we see such[1] fraud across any business or industry?

Cough, pharmaceutical cos, doctors, social media & search giants, car manufacturing giants. Any of these ring a bell?

[1]As in, the above (your) definition of fraud i.e. misleading customers, by deliberately under delivering and over promising. With this definition, many businesses and accepted practices are fraud.

IMO, true fraud is what VW with their cheating device. Facebook did with integrating WhatsApp profiles. Theranos did with fake IP. Opioid manufacturers do by indirectly incentivising doctors. Don't you think so too?

[goatinaboat]

Theranos did with fake IP

Yes, I agree that Tata and similar companies are on the level of Theranos.

[close04]

Your argument is "it's not fraud because others do it"? Yes, going forward knowing full well that you have no intention of fulfilling your promises is fraud regardless of "whatabout those guys".

You have at least a dozen comments on this thread defending these practices and pointing fingers at the likes of Theranos as if that's a good justification. If someone needs Theranos to look good they must be pretty shady. Your line of argumentation sounds very biased.

[hereiskkb]

That is just whataboutism. "What about this field?" "What about that cos?"

All of it is fraud. Regardless. Promising results with the intention of not sticking to it is fraud.