[andrelgomes]

Operate on first principles, what do you need to know to be a "successful" programmer in the technical, social, and/or ideological context.

Data Structures and their relationship with each other to be a great technical programmer. These books (just highlight not everything) I would think -> Algorithms Sedgewick, Lisp Programmers Manual, Designing Distributed Systems. .To be a great collaborative programmer (in a work enviornment) -> Pragmattic Programmer, Code Complete, Mythical Man Month, A Philsophy of Software Design by Ousterhout. For philsophy of programming itself -> The Soul of a Machine

Edit: Programming is very broad and operates in many context from the technical, social, to the ideas behind it. I would say it is almost to early to have those definitive fundamental books