[shmulkey18]

I'm not sure that it is exactly what you're looking for, but the Econtalk podcast (https://www.econtalk.org/) covers a wide variety of economics-related topics. If you listen to it, over time you will come to understand the economic way of thinking.

Also, I don't believe it's possible to get a "quick but comprehensive understanding" of fields as involved and varied as microeconomics, game theory, finance and so on. That's a lot of ground to cover, and it's unlikely that you can do anything other than get a sense of some of the basic ideas in these disciplines in a short amount of time.