[contingencies]

whose parents filed taxes

Excludes recent immigrants or orphans then, both of which groups could be particularly acute case-studies of upward mobility.

Big picture though, walkability and public transport definitely imply at least the potential for interaction and empathy, and cars the opposite.

The Highway and Automobile culture are symbols of totalitarian cultures which deny people more sustainable and equitable alternatives for mobility and transport. - Vandana Shiva, February 19, 2004.