[amalter]

The niche JDK vendors are an order of magnitude off what Oracle needs to fund JDK development. I suppose the closest example is Azul, which is using the same "pay for performance" model of Graal EE.

I have absolutely nothing against some kind of commercial model for funding the JDK. My comments were that in my opinion, the model is unfortunately doomed:

- Lack of goodwill for Oracle - Enterprises who are not yet Oracle customers really really want to stay away from entering into a commercial agreement. True or not, the perception is that a license agreement with Oracle comes with aggressive and intrusive compliance audits.

- Worse is better syndrome - Indeed Oracle is the primary developer on the JDK, but the others entering this space are not hobbyists working on the side. Plenty of serious vendors with serious compiler chops have skin in keeping "free JRE" as the "fast enough" JRE. Redhat natch IBM, Google, Azul, Amazon, apparently Twitter (see pull request). Graal EE is supposedly 30-40% faster on some numeric workloads. But what if these players get that down to 20% or 10% .. or suddenly there might be workloads where CE is faster. Much harder to pitch that license agreement without compelling and unambiguous benefit.

I don't have a "problem" with Oracle, I'm just commenting on where I think the industry is right now. Maybe Oracle will prove me wrong - Microsoft sure did.

[pjmlp]

The others entering on this space are mostly repacking Oracle's work, in what concerns Java language and JVM specification.

From those listed by you, IBM and Azul have their own JVM implementations, and just like Oracle require enterprise contracts for the cool features.

Finally, everyone complains about Oracle, yet no one else bothered to make a counter offer to buy Sun.

[repolfx]

Doesn't matter though. Azul is probably doomed. Does anyone pay IBM for a commercially enhanced JVM? I never heard of it.

IBM might have some enterprise JVM, but they just bought Red Hat. Red Hat hired a bunch of former Sun/Oracle devs and then developed an open source pauseless GC, thus chopping the knees out from underneath Azul and Oracle's ZGC work.

What have Azul and IBM got now? They've gone down the path of trying to use LLVM as a JIT compiler, but they're now in competition with Graal and GraalVM+ZGC or Shenandoah would appear to match their capabilities. They had a good run with edge whilst it lasted, but ultimately there are only so many ways to make Java go faster and the world is apparently not short of companies willing to do JVM heavy lifting for free. But of course, only on the parts that other firms are trying to sell. I don't see Twitter implementing a Project Valhalla anytime soon.

Oracle have developed some great tech in GraalVM and are now trying to turn it into a real business. It's a remarkably long term strategy, but in the end there are lots of people who don't want to see Java go back to being a commercial product again and will happily 'burn' money to ensure it. And I'm sure some would love to just spite Oracle too.

I suspect eventually Oracle will let most of the Java and Graal developers go, probably reallocating them to a non-profit foundation that it slowly winds back commercial support for until its investment in Java is more evenly balanced with other large industry players. The existing OpenJDK people don't seem to be under any commercial pressure or urgency already so it wouldn't be a big shift for them.

[pjmlp]

Ever heard of Websphere, IBM i, IBM z/OS?

[repolfx]

Yes but I imagine a lot of developers haven't. How many new projects are being started on a mainframe?