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by 6gvONxR4sf7o 2460 days ago
>Q12. Even so, there are countless examples of materials and chemical reactions that are hard to classically simulate, as well as special-purpose quantum simulators (like those of Lukin’s group at Harvard). Why don’t these already count as quantum computational supremacy?

>Under some people’s definitions of “quantum computational supremacy,” they do! The key difference with Google’s effort is that they have a fully programmable device—one that you can program with an arbitrary sequence of nearest-neighbor 2-qubit gates, just by sending the appropriate signals from your classical computer.

>In other words, it’s no longer open to the QC skeptics to sneer that, sure, there are quantum systems that are hard to simulate classically, but that’s just because nature is hard to simulate, and you don’t get to arbitrarily redefine whatever random chemical you find in the wild to be a “computer for simulating itself.” Under any sane definition, the superconducting devices that Google, IBM, and others are now building are indeed “computers.”

This is the core of it to me. It's a question of 'some people’s definitions of "quantum computational supremacy."' Many people say that the definition here is a crappy one, and sure this shows a form of it, but not the kind to justify the hype. Sure, it's fully programmable, but not so programmable as to do anything that anyone cares about (even a teeny tiny few-bit version of something people care about) better than we can otherwise.

To appeal back to his analogy to the wright brothers, it's like they carved a frisbee from a stick while working towards airplanes. It's amazing that they carved a log into a neat shape you can throw further than another log, and the hype train is saying that it's fully carve-able, so it counts as "airplane-supremacy," but that's a crappy definition and not what we're waiting for.

4 comments

At the time of the Wright brothers, which was incidentally before Frisbees were invented, there were some naysayers that thought heavier than air flight was simply impossible. A Frisbee, which can be chucked much further than a balloon, would for them serve as actual proof of "wooden supremacy."
Interesting. Any idea how they responded to the obvious retorts about heavier than air birds?
If they weigh the same as a duck then that should explain things, the birds are witches
It's a simple question of weight ratios!

http://www.armory.com/swallowscenes.html

I mostly agree with this. If you are interested in Extended Church-Turing Thesis, this event is very important. If you are interested in factoring, this is a non-event. I think most people are interested in factoring.
I don't think it's a non-event even if you're only interested in factoring.

This proves the underlying principle of a quantum speedup is a physical reality. It might be something people already take for granted if they're interested in factoring, but it's a crucial prerequisite that was not yet irrefutable.

Regarding Lukin’s experiment - which is very interesting and high quality - in most instances it can be simulated by existing classical methods (matrix product states / DMRG being a key example). This does not detract from the importance of realizing the same system experimentally at all. But it does prevent it from realizing a gap between classical and quantum computing.
You can do small chemical simulations easily on a processor like this.
Really? I haven't seen any molecular simulation proposal that can be run without quantum error correction. I think if there is such a thing it would count as a breakthrough by itself. Any reference?
There are many, many experiments done simulating molecules, from hydrogen dimers to water. Just one example of many:

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.10238.pdf

That paper is about using a classical computer to simulate a quantum computing algorithm.

I'm pretty sure OP is talking about an actual, physical, exists-in-reality usage of a quantum computer to do anything meaningful, not theory. There's lot of theory.