[squarefoot]

Over at Rosettacode they already ported a lot of stuff in a huge number of languages.

https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Category:Programming_Tasks

As for books, I liked a lot Niklaus Wirth's "Algorithms + data structures = programs" a couple geological eras back. The book was written with Pascal in mind before the OOP era, but given Pascal's simplicity its examples can be easily translated in other languages. I'd consider more modern books if I knew any; the very few I've briefly skimmed in the past seem either too advanced or too abstract.