Is there any way to financially support the project? I have only been able to find a couple of Patreon pages of people working on specific libraries I haven't been using personally.
I don’t think there exists a way to support the Rust project directly, but there are some indirect ways: supporting Mozilla, that employs many of the core develioers is one. Another one, announced just this week, is to support the Rust Analyzer, which is a project to create a next-level IDE-compatible Rust compiler: https://opencollective.com/rust-analyzer/expenses/new
If anyone's particularly wealthy, they could personally sponsor a contract developer to spend time working on a desired feature. There's plenty of work to be done that's limited by the amount of labor available.