[jhanschoo]

The general method illustrated here (rearranging a sufficiently uniformly distribution over 100 into a very-close-to-uniform distribution over 10) is a special case of a topic in information theory called randomness extraction:

https://cs.haifa.ac.il/~ronen/online_papers/ICALPinvited.pdf

https://people.seas.harvard.edu/~salil/pseudorandomness/extr...

The problem being solved is trying to obtain a distribution arbitrarily close to uniform from sampling a known random distribution.