Sure, IMAP, POP, CALDav, same as all the other mail providers...
And the optimized JMAP protocol too.
The fact that I am getting voted down proves how absolute the groupthink is... If you work in Google's ecosystem, however, the only possible exit is being bought by Google... Get bought by a competitor and they'll just turn you off.
I don't recall since the last time I set it up was a while ago, but I think just your password + an app specific code if you use 2fa normally. But yeah I'm pretty confident this doesn't apply to outlook.
And the optimized JMAP protocol too.
The fact that I am getting voted down proves how absolute the groupthink is... If you work in Google's ecosystem, however, the only possible exit is being bought by Google... Get bought by a competitor and they'll just turn you off.