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by freddie_mercury 2555 days ago
You don't need either of those things to be a bank. Check out "narrow banking" for the history, theory, and current attempts at it.

From one survey:

"Prior to the early-twentieth century, US banks tended to be much narrower than they are today. Common modern banking practices, such as maturity transformation and explicit loan commitments, arose only after the creation of the Federal Reserve and the FDIC"