[lisper]

Mainly my knowledge of the history of the financial system in the U.S. which was characterized by regular panics, crises, and bank runs before the Federal Reserve was founded. (Of course, the Fed bungled it badly in the Great Depression, but has done a pretty reasonable job since then.) Looking now at the history of free banking in other parts of the world it looks like it is not invariably catastrophic. Maybe it's a cultural thing. I suspect that free banking works better in a world where everyone knows everyone else, and the banker's customers know where the banker lives so if he screws things up too badly there's a real risk that people will literally show up on his doorstep with pitchforks.

[icebraining]

The system in the US before the creation of the Fed wasn't free banking; after the civil war, the National Banking Acts of 1863-64 created a network of chartered national banks with a single currency backed by the US Treasury. Then in 1879, the US went back to the gold standard, so you're on (1), not (2a).

[lisper]

On that view there has never been a 2a system. No one would honor a private bank note that was not backed by some asset or government fiat. Such a note would, quite literally, be worth no more than the paper it was printed on.

[icebraining]

There's a difference between people freely choosing what assets are acceptable to back a given currency and having many currencies floating in value against each other, or the government deciding what each currency can be backed against and at what value (the National Banks had to accept each other's currency at par value).

[lisper]

Yes, of course. But if you have currencies backed by too many different kinds of assets those currencies aren't money any more, they are tokens in a barter economy.